Federal Standard 1037C

From Exampleproblems

Federal Standard 1037C entitled Telecommunications: Glossary of Telecommunication Terms is a U.S. Federal Standard, issued by the General Services Administration pursuant to the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, as amended.

This document provides Federal departments and agencies a comprehensive source of definitions of terms used in telecommunications and directly related fields by international and U.S. Government telecommunications specialists.

As a publication of the U.S. Government, prepared by an agency of the U.S. Government, it appears to be mostly available as a public domain resource, but a few items are derived from copyrighted sources: where this is the case, there is an attribution to the source.

Contents 1 List of telecommunications terms defined in Federal Standard 1037C 1.1 ADP/AIS/MIS 1.2 Antennas 1.3 Codes/Coding 1.4 Computer Graphics 1.5 Computer Hardware 1.6 Computer Programming/Languages/Software 1.7 Control/Control Characters/Command/Error Correction/Handshaking 1.8 Distortion/Dispersion/Diffraction 1.9 Encryption/Decryption 1.10 Facsimile 1.11 Fiber Optics 1.12 Filters 1.13 Frequency 1.14 Frequency Allocation/Assignment 1.15 Gain 1.16 Interfacing 1.17 Interference 1.18 Internet 1.19 Loss/Attenuation 1.20 Modems 1.21 Modulation 1.22 Multiplexing 1.23 Networks and networking 1.24 NS/EP 1.25 Organizations 1.26 PCS/UPT/cellular mobile 1.27 Power 1.28 Power (Electrical) 1.29 Protocols 1.30 Radio 1.31 Routing 1.32 Satellites 1.33 Security 1.34 Services and Service Features 1.35 Standards 1.36 Storage 1.37 Synchronization 1.38 Telegraphy 1.39 Telephony 1.40 Television 1.41 Time/Timing 1.42 Traffic 1.43 Transmission and Transmission lines 1.44 Video 1.45 Waves 1.46 Other 1.47 Orphans 2 External links

List of telecommunications terms defined in Federal Standard 1037C

ADP/AIS/MIS

automated information system (AIS) -- automatic data handling (ADH) -- automatic data processing (ADP) -- automatic data processing equipment (ADPE) -- batch processing -- clearing -- fetch protection -- FIP equipment -- hardware -- information -- information system -- machine-independent -- management information system (MIS) -- man-machine system -- online computer system -- parallel computing -- penetration -- recovery procedure -- remote access data processing -- remote batch entry -- remote batch processing -- remote job entry (RJE) -- remote operations service element protocol (ROSE) -- security filter -- security kernel -- standby -- system administration -- system analysis -- system documentation -- system integration -- system integrity -- system management -- systems design -- technical vulnerability -- trusted computing base (TCB) -- trusted computer system (TCS) -- user -- validation -- work station

Antennas

List of antenna terms

Codes/Coding

List of coding terms

Computer Graphics

List of computer graphics terms

Computer Hardware

List of computer hardware terms

Computer Programming/Languages/Software

List of computer programming terms

Control/Control Characters/Command/Error Correction/Handshaking

acknowledge character (ACK) -- ARQ -- backward channel -- backward signal -- backward supervision -- BCH code -- block check -- block parity -- call control character -- call control signal -- cancel character (CAN) -- carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) -- channel bits -- character -- character check -- character interval -- check bit -- check character -- check digit -- checksum -- clear confirmation signal -- command -- command frame -- command menu -- command protocol data unit -- common-channel signaling -- connection-in-progress signal -- control character -- control communications -- control operation -- convolutional code -- cyclic redundancy check (CRC) -- data link escape character (DLE) -- data transfer request signal -- DCE clear signal -- DCE waiting signal -- delimiter -- disabling tone -- end-of-medium character -- end-of-selection character -- end-of-text character (ETX) -- end-of-transmission-block character (ETB) -- end-of-transmission character (EOT) -- enquiry character (ENQ) -- error control -- error-correcting code -- error-correcting system -- error-detecting code -- error-detecting system -- flag -- forward error correction (FEC) -- Hagelbarger code -- Hamming code -- handshaking -- idle character -- longitudinal redundancy check (LRC) -- negative-acknowledge character (NAK) -- nontransparent mode -- overhead information -- password -- pilot -- process computer system -- process control -- process control equipment -- process control system -- ready-for-data signal -- redundancy -- redundancy check -- residual error ratio -- respond opportunity -- response -- Shannon limit -- source quench -- start signal -- substitute character (SUB) -- summation check -- synchronous idle character (SYN) -- transverse parity check -- undetected error ratio -- who-are-you character (WRU)

Distortion/Dispersion/Diffraction

amplitude distortion -- amplitude-vs.-frequency distortion -- bias distortion -- characteristic distortion -- cyclic distortion -- degree of isochronous distortion -- degree of start-stop distortion -- delay distortion -- diffraction -- dispersion -- dispersion-limited operation -- distortion -- distortion-limited operation -- end distortion -- feeder echo noise -- fortuitous distortion -- harmonic distortion -- intermodulation distortion -- intramodal distortion -- isochronous distortion -- knife-edge effect -- margin -- multimode distortion -- nonlinear distortion -- phase-frequency distortion -- quantizing distortion -- signal droop -- single-harmonic distortion -- start-stop distortion -- total harmonic distortion (THD)

Encryption/Decryption

List of telecommunications encryption terms

Facsimile

List of fax terms

Fiber Optics

List of fiber optic terms

Filters

List of telecommunications filter terms

Frequency

aircraft emergency frequency -- automatic frequency control (AFC) -- band -- bandwidth (BW) -- barrage jamming -- baseband -- calling frequency -- carrier frequency -- channel offset -- characteristic frequency -- cutoff frequency -- extremely high frequency (EHF) -- extremely low frequency (ELF) -- frequency -- guarded frequency -- heterodyne -- high frequency -- hiss -- hold-in frequency range -- image frequency -- image rejection ratio -- insertion-loss-vs.-frequency characteristic -- intermediate frequency (IF) -- intermodulation product -- lock-in frequency -- lock-in range -- lowest usable high frequency (LUF) -- low frequency (LF) -- maximum keying frequency -- maximum modulating frequency -- maximum usable frequency (MUF) -- medium frequency (MF) -- military common emergency frequency -- natural frequency -- nominal bandwidth -- normalized frequency (V) -- notch -- occupied bandwidth -- precise frequency -- preemphasis -- primary frequency -- primary frequency standard -- primary service area -- priority -- protected frequency -- pull-in frequency range -- pulse repetition rate -- pump frequency -- quartz oscillator -- radio channel -- radio frequency (rf) -- radio wave -- Rayleigh distribution -- reference frequency -- secondary frequency standard -- sideband -- single-frequency signaling (SF) -- single-tone interference -- slewing -- spectral density -- spectrum signature -- spread spectrum -- spurious emission -- standard test tone -- standard time and frequency signal service (STFS) -- stereophonic sound subcarrier -- stopband -- syntonization -- threshold frequency -- transition frequency -- ultra high frequency (UHF) -- ultra low frequency (ULF) -- very high frequency (VHF) -- very low frequency (VLF) -- virtual carrier frequency -- voice frequency (VF) -- wideband

Frequency Allocation/Assignment

allocation (of a frequency band) -- allotment (of a radio frequency or radio frequency channel) -- assigned frequency -- assigned frequency band -- assignment (of a radio frequency or radio frequency channel) -- authorized bandwidth -- authorized frequency -- C band -- frequency assignment -- frequency assignment authority

Gain

absolute gain -- antenna gain -- antenna gain-to-noise-temperature (G/T) -- automatic gain control (AGC) -- directive gain -- diversity gain -- equal gain combiner -- fade margin -- gain -- gain medium -- height gain -- insertion gain -- loop gain -- net gain -- process gain -- signal processing gain -- singing margin -- singing point

Interfacing

cell relay -- data station -- data transmission circuit -- demarcation point (demarc) -- dial mode -- DTE clear signal -- EIA interface -- framed interface -- gateway -- interchange circuit -- interexchange carrier (IXC) -- interface -- interface functionality -- interface message processor (IMP) -- interface payload -- interface standard -- medium interface point (MIP) -- net radio interface (NRI) -- network interface -- network interface device (NID) -- network termination 1 (NT1) -- network termination 2 (NT2) -- optical interface -- point of interface (POI) -- point of presence (POP) -- POSIX -- primary rate interface (PRI) -- protocol translator -- R interface -- router -- service -- service access point (SAP) -- service data unit (SDU) -- S interface -- terminal adapter -- T-interface -- transparent interface -- T reference point -- U interface -- V reference point

Interference

adjacent-channel interference -- anti-interference -- blanketing -- co-channel interference -- common-mode interference -- common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) -- compatibility -- conducted interference -- differential mode interference -- electromagnetic interference (EMI) -- eye pattern -- far-end crosstalk -- FM blanketing -- harmful interference -- interaction crosstalk -- interference -- interference emission -- interference filter -- intersymbol interference -- jamming margin -- jamming to signal ratio (J/S) -- limits of interference -- optical interface -- permissible interference -- phase interference fading -- precipitation static (p-static) -- reradiation -- single-frequency interference -- single-tone interference -- sunspot -- white area

Internet

Archie -- directed broadcast address -- Domain Name System (DNS) -- Gopher -- ICMP -- The Internet -- Internet Protocol (IP) -- Internet protocol spoofing (IP) -- lynx -- Mosaic -- SLIP -- TCP -- TCP/IP -- TCP/IP Suite -- Terminal Access Controller (TAC) -- User Datagram Protocol (UDP) -- web browser -- World Wide Web (WWW)

Loss/Attenuation

absorption -- absorption band -- absorption coefficient -- absorption index -- absorption loss -- angular misalignment loss -- antenna dissipative loss -- area loss -- attenuation -- attenuation coefficient -- attenuation constant -- attenuation-limited operation -- attenuator -- bridging loss -- cloud attenuation -- coupling loss -- cutoff attenuator -- differential mode attenuation -- flat fading -- free-space loss -- gap loss -- gap-loss attenuator -- insertion loss -- insertion-loss-vs.-frequency characteristic -- lateral offset loss -- loss -- lossy medium -- macrobend loss -- modal loss -- net loss -- net loss variation -- numerical aperture loss -- path loss -- precipitation attenuation -- preemphasis -- proration -- reflection loss -- return loss -- scattering loss -- selective fading -- shadow loss -- splice loss -- transmission loss -- via net loss (VNL)

Modems

AT Commands -- modem -- modem patch -- narrowband modem -- wideband modem

Modulation

absorption modulation -- adaptive differential pulse-code modulation (ADPCM) -- amplitude modulation (AM) -- angle modulation -- bandwidth (BW) -- baseband -- baseband modulation -- binary modulation -- bit-by-bit asynchronous operation -- carrier shift -- center frequency -- chip rate -- chirping -- code-division multiple access (CDMA) -- coherent differential phase-shift keying (CDPSK) -- conditioned diphase modulation -- continuously variable slope delta modulation (CVSD) -- Costas loop -- cross modulation -- delta modulation (DM) -- delta-sigma modulation -- demand assignment multiple access (DAMA) -- demodulation -- differential modulation -- differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) -- differential pulse-code modulation (DPCM) -- digital frequency modulation -- digital modulation -- digital phase modulation -- direct-sequence modulation -- disparity -- double modulation -- electro-optic modulator -- exalted-carrier reception -- fixed-reference modulation -- frequency modulation (FM) -- frequency-shift keying (FSK) -- full modulation -- incremental phase modulation (IPM) -- indirect control -- intensity modulation (IM) -- isochronous demodulation -- isochronous modulation -- keying -- load capacity -- low-level modulation -- maximum modulating frequency -- mechanically induced modulation -- modulation -- multicarrier modulation (MCM) -- overmodulation -- percentage modulation -- phase deviation -- phase modulation (PM) -- phase-shift keying (PSK) -- preemphasis improvement -- preemphasis network -- pseudorandom noise -- pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) -- pulse-code modulation (PCM) -- pulse-duration modulation (PDM) -- pulse-frequency modulation (PFM) -- pulse-position modulation (PPM) -- quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) -- quadrature modulation -- quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) -- quantization -- quasi-analog transmission -- radio -- reduced carrier single-sideband emission -- reduced carrier transmission -- signal transition -- significant condition -- single-sideband emission (SSB) -- single-sideband equipment reference level (SSB) -- single-sideband suppressed carrier transmission (SSB-SC) -- start-stop margin -- start-stop modulation -- stereophonic crosstalk -- sub-band adaptive differential pulse code modulation (SB-ADPCM) -- subcarrier -- supergroup distribution frame (SGDF) -- suppressed carrier transmission -- thin-film optical modulator -- unbalanced modulator -- vestigial sideband transmission (VSB) -- white facsimile transmission

Multiplexing

asynchronous time-division multiplexing (ATDM) -- asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) -- carrier system -- cell relay -- channel bank -- common-channel interoffice signaling (CCIS) -- demultiplexing -- D-4 -- digital multiplexer -- digital multiplex hierarchy -- digital signal (DS) -- digroup -- drop and insert -- erect position -- fractional T1 -- frame -- framing -- group -- group distribution frame (GDF) -- heterogeneous multiplexing -- homogeneous multiplexing -- inverse multiplexer -- inverted position -- labeled multiplexing -- master frequency generator -- multicarrier modulation (MCM) -- multichannel -- multiframe -- multiplex aggregate bit rate -- multiplex baseband -- multiplexer-demultiplexer (muldem) -- multiplexer (MUX) -- multiplex hierarchy -- multiplexing (MUXing) -- multiplex link encryption -- orthogonal multiplex -- precombining -- pregroup combining -- quadruple diversity -- space-division multiplexing -- statistical multiplexing -- statistical time-division multiplexing -- supergroup distribution frame (SGDF) -- synchronous TDM -- synchronous transfer mode -- system loading -- T-carrier -- thin-film optical multiplexer -- time-division multiple access (TDMA) -- time-division multiplexing (TDM) -- transmultiplexer -- trunk group multiplexer (TGM) -- two-pilot regulation -- wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM)

Networks and networking

List of telecommunication network terms

NS/EP

assignment -- communications survivability -- interoperability -- National Communications System (NCS) -- National Coordinating Center for Telecommunications (NCC) -- NS/EP telecommunications -- priority level -- priority level assignment -- private NS/EP telecommunications services -- provisioning -- public switched NS/EP telecommunications services -- service identification -- Telecommunications Service Priority service (TSP) -- Telecommunications Service Priority system (TSP)

Organizations

administration -- AFNOR -- American National Standards Institute (ANSI) -- Bell Operating Company (BOC) -- BSI -- Canadian Standards Association (CSA) -- CCIR -- CEN -- CENELEC -- common carrier -- Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) -- ETSI -- FCC -- International Telecommunication Union (ITU) -- ITU-T -- ISO -- Joint Telecommunications Resources Board (JTRB) -- National Command Authorities (NCA) -- National Communications System (NCS) -- National Exchange Carrier Association -- National Coordinating Center for Telecommunications (NCC) -- public utilities commission (PUC) -- Radio Regulations Board (formerly IFRB) -- recognized operating agency (ROA) -- Regional Bell operating company (RBOC) -- specialized common carrier (SCC) -- Verband Deutscher Electrotechniker (VDE)

PCS/UPT/cellular mobile

base station -- call associated signaling (CAS) -- call management -- cell -- cellular mobile -- fixed access -- interworking functions -- mobile services switching center (MSC) -- non-call associated signaling (NCAS) -- non-fixed access -- PCS -- PCS switching center -- PCS System -- personal mobility -- personal registration -- personal terminal -- public land mobile network (PLMN) -- radio interface -- service access -- terminal mobility -- terminal mobility management -- Universal Personal Telecommunications service (UPT) -- UPT access code -- validation -- wireless access mode -- wireless mobility management -- wireless terminal

Power

bel (B) -- carrier power (of a radio transmitter) -- carrier-to-receiver noise density (C /kT ) -- dB -- power -- radiance -- radiant emittance -- radiant intensity -- radiant power -- radiation efficiency -- rated output power -- reflectance -- relative transmission level -- rf power margin -- sensitivity -- signal level -- signal-to-crosstalk ratio -- SINAD -- singing margin -- single-polarized antenna -- single-sideband equipment reference level (SSB) -- spectral density -- susceptibility threshold -- system loading

Power (Electrical)

apparent power -- auxiliary power -- demand factor -- demand load -- disconnect switch -- effective power -- inverter -- level -- load -- load factor -- nonoperational load -- operational load -- power budget -- power factor -- power failure transfer -- primary distribution system -- primary power -- primary substation -- protector -- station load -- technical load -- uninterruptible power supply -- volt-amperes reactive (vars)

Protocols

acknowledgement -- Advanced Data Communication Control Procedures (ADCCP) -- binary synchronous communication (bi-sync) -- carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) -- carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) -- Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP) -- connection-oriented data transfer protocol -- disconnect command (DISC) -- facility -- frame relay -- FTP -- GOSIP -- high-level data link control (HDLC) -- HTTP -- ICMP -- Internet Protocol (IP) -- LAP-B -- LAP-D -- link protocol -- mode -- network interface device (NID) -- Network File System (NFS) -- Open Systems Interconnection Specification (OSI)--Protocol -- ping -- protocol -- protocol-control information -- protocol converter -- protocol data unit (PDU) -- protocol hierarchy -- protocol translator -- remote operations service element protocol (ROSE) -- response PDU -- route -- segment -- serial -- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) -- Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) -- SLIP -- slot -- slot time -- synchronous data link control (SDLC) -- TCP -- TCP/IP -- TCP/IP Suite -- Telnet -- transmission control protocol -- User Datagram Protocol (UDP) -- zero-bit insertion

Radio

adaptive radio -- airborne radio relay -- air-ground radiotelephone service -- allcall -- amateur service -- anycall -- atmospheric noise -- automated radio -- automatic link establishment (ALE) -- automatic message exchange (AME) -- automatic sounding -- brick -- broadcasting-satellite service -- broadcasting satellite space station -- broadcasting service -- broadcasting station -- broadcast operation -- capture effect -- carrier synchronization -- cellular mobile -- clear channel -- closed circuit -- combat-net radio (CNR) -- connectivity exchange (CONEX) -- controller -- cross-band radiotelegraph procedure -- coverage -- dead space -- deemphasis -- detector -- deviation ratio -- diffraction region -- digital selective calling (DSC) -- directed net -- direction finding -- discriminator -- distance measuring equipment (DME) -- diversity reception -- diversity transmission -- duplex operation -- emergency locator transmitter (ELT) -- emergency position-indicating radiobeacon station -- emphasis -- feeder link -- FM blanketing -- FM improvement factor -- FM improvement threshold -- Fresnel zone -- harmful interference -- heterodyne repeater -- homing -- horn -- indefinite call sign -- inside plant -- k-factor -- link -- linking protection (LP) -- link quality analysis (LQA) -- maximum usable frequency (MUF) -- meaconing -- mean power of a radio transmitter -- medium -- message heading -- message part -- meteor burst communications -- multi-satellite link -- narrowband radio voice frequency (NBRVF) -- near-vertical-incidence skywave -- net control station (NCS) -- net operation -- net radio interface (NRI) -- off-the-air -- off-the-air monitoring -- on-the-air -- path -- PBER -- PCS -- peak envelope power (PEP, pX, PX of a radio transmitter) -- pilot -- precipitation static (p-static) -- preemphasis -- preemphasis improvement -- preemphasis network -- preliminary call -- primary service area -- propagation mode -- propagation path obstruction -- protection interval (PI) -- push-to-talk operation -- quadruple diversity -- query call -- radiation -- radio -- radio and wire integration (RWI) -- radio channel -- radio common carrier (RCC) -- radiocommunication -- random access discrete address (RADA) -- reflecting layer -- rural radio service -- rural subscriber station -- scan-stop lockup -- ship Earth station -- shortwave -- smooth Earth -- sounding -- sporadic E propagation -- spurious response -- stereophonic sound subcarrier -- stressed environment -- sudden ionospheric disturbance (SID) -- sunspot -- surface wave -- tail circuit -- terrestrial radiocommunication -- terrestrial station -- transmitter power output rating -- traveling wave -- TRI-TAC equipment -- vestigial sideband transmission (VSB) -- white area -- wildcard character

Routing

adaptive routing -- alternate routing -- avoidance routing -- call tracing -- circuit routing -- circuit switching unit (CSU) -- collective routing -- destination routing -- deterministic routing -- dynamically adaptive routing -- flood search routing -- free routing -- heuristic routing -- hierarchical routing -- hybrid routing -- mediation function -- multicast address -- network administration -- primary route -- rerouting -- route -- route diversity -- route matrix -- routing -- sender -- spill-forward feature -- spur

Satellites

acquisition -- active satellite -- aeronautical mobile-satellite service -- aeronautical mobile-satellite off-route service (OR) -- aeronautical mobile-satellite route service (R) -- amateur-satellite service -- apogee --