Christianity and Jewish prophecy

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This article presents passages found in the Old Testament of the Bible that may be intepreted as prophecies regarding a Messiah. It also presents New Testament items which may be interpreted to fulfil the Old Testament prophecies about a Messiah.

Christianity and Jewish prophecy is Old Testament Bible prophecies interpreted by some to concern a Messiah which are thought by many Christians, to be fulfilled by Jesus and his actions, as described in the New Testament. Many reject these claims.

Contents

Possible prophecies and fulfillments

The following list shows Old Testament passages followed by a New Testament passages, which many Christians believe fulfills the previous prophecy. (The translation used is the NASB)

Possible prophecy Possible fulfillment
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A voice of one calling: "In the desert prepare the way for the Lord; make straight in the wilderness a highway for our God."

Matthew 3:1-2

In those days John the Baptist came, preaching in the Desert of Judea, and saying, "Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is near."

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But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, though you are small among the clans of Judah, out of you will come for me one who will be ruler over Israel, whose origins are from of old, from ancient times.

Matthew 2:1

After Jesus was born in Bethlehem in Judea, during the time of King Herod...

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The scepter will not depart from Judah, nor the ruler's staff from between his feet, until he comes to whom it belongs and the obedience of the nations is his.

Matthew 1:1-3

A record of the genealogy of Jesus Christ the son of David, the son of Abraham: Abraham was the father of Isaac, Isaac the father of Jacob, Jacob the father of Judah and his brothers, Judah the father of Perez and Zerah, whose mother was Tamar,

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Rejoice greatly, O Daughter of Zion! Shout, Daughter of Jerusalem! See, your king comes to you, righteous and having salvation, gentle and riding on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a donkey.

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They brought it to Jesus, threw their cloaks on the colt and put Jesus on it. As he went along, people spread their cloaks on the road. When he came near the place where the road goes down the Mount of Olives, the whole crowd of disciples began joyfully to praise God in loud voices for all the miracles they had seen

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Even my close friend, whom I trusted, he who shared my bread, has lifted up his heel against me.

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While he was still speaking, Judas, one of the Twelve, arrived. With him was a large crowd armed with swords and clubs, sent from the chief priests and the elders of the people. Now the betrayer had arranged a signal with them: "The one I kiss is the man; arrest him." Going at once to Jesus, Judas said, "Greetings, Rabbi!" and kissed him. Jesus replied, "Friend, do what you came for." Then the men stepped forward, seized Jesus and arrested him.

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I told them, "If you think it best, give me my pay; but if not, keep it." So they paid me thirty pieces of silver.

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Then one of the Twelve--the one called Judas Iscariot--went to the chief priests and asked, "What are you willing to give me if I hand him over to you?" So they counted out for him thirty silver coins.

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I offered my back to those who beat me, my cheeks to those who pulled out my beard; I did not hide my face from mocking and spitting.

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Then they spit in his face and struck him with their fists. Others slapped him and said, "Prophesy to us, Christ. Who hit you?"

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But he was pierced for our transgressions, he was crushed for our iniquities; the punishment that brought us peace was upon him, and by his wounds we are healed.

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Then he released Barabbas to them. But he had Jesus flogged, and handed him over to be crucified.

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He was oppressed and afflicted, yet he did not open his mouth; he was led like a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before her shearers is silent, so he did not open his mouth.

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When he was accused by the chief priests and the elders, he gave no answer. Then Pilate asked him, "Don't you hear the testimony they are bringing against you?" But Jesus made no reply, not even to a single charge--to the great amazement of the governor.

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And the Lord said to me, "Throw it to the potter"--the handsome price at which they priced me! So I took the thirty pieces of silver and threw them into the house of the Lord to the potter.

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So Judas threw the money into the temple and left. Then he went away and hanged himself. The chief priests picked up the coins and said, "It is against the law to put this into the treasury, since it is blood money." So they decided to use the money to buy the potter's field as a burial place for foreigners.

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Dogs have surrounded me; a band of evil men has encircled me, they have pierced my hands and my feet.

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When they came to the place called the Skull, there they crucified him, along with the criminals--one on his right, the other on his left.

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Therefore I will give him a portion among the great, and he will divide the spoils with the strong, because he poured out his life unto death, and was numbered with the transgressors. For he bore the sin of many, and made intercession for the transgressors.

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Two robbers were crucified with him, one on his right and one on his left.

Prophecy table

This table shows Christian interpretations of selected verses from the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible, Old Testament), which they hold to be prophetic claims that Jesus has been promised by God to be born as a human, and would be the Messiah.

In some cases, the New Testament quotes the Hebrew Bible (typically the Greek Septuagint translation of it) and asserts that the quotation applies to Jesus. In other instances Christian traditions, rather than the New Testament, make this assertion. Critics of this way of reading the Bible hold that these phrases are often shorn of their original context, in which there is no obvious indication that they were actually predicting anything. Occasionally statistical arguments are made, involving the improbability of someone fulfilling all these prophesies: such arguments are heavily criticised because the list of prophesies was chosen on the basis of having been fulfilled. Most books of the Hebrew Bible were written hundreds of years, and some parts possibly thousands of years, before the birth of Jesus. Many of the verses below were not widely held to be "prophecies" until after the New Testament had been written. Others were thought to be prophecies, but not necessarily connected with the idea of a "messiah". Some non-Christians do not believe that the Bible is historical; many non-Christians do not believe that these verses prove Jesus was the Messiah.

Here is a list of verses often held by Christians to be messianic prophesies:

ProphecyOld TestamentNew Testament
His pre-existenceMicah 5:2John 1:1,14
Born of the seed of a womanGenesis 3:15Matthew 1:18
Of the seed of AbrahamGenesis 12:3Matthew 1:1-16
All nations blessed by Abraham's seedGenesis 12:3Matthew 8:5,10
God would provide Himself a Lamb as an offeringGenesis 22:8John 1:29
From the tribe of JudahGenesis 49:10Matthew 1:1-3
Heir to the throne of DavidIsaiah 9:6-7Matthew 1:1
Called "The mighty God, The everlasting Father"Isaiah 9:6Matthew 1:23
Born in BethlehemMicah 5:2Matthew 2:1
Born of a virginIsaiah 7:14Matthew 1:18
His name called Immanuel, "God with us"Isaiah 7:14Matthew 1:23
Declared to be the Son of GodPsalm 2:7Matthew 3:17
His messenger before Him in spirit of ElijahMalachi 4:5-6Luke 1:17
Preceded by a messenger to prepare His wayMalachi 3:1Matthew 11:7-11
Messenger crying "Prepare ye the way of the Lord"Isaiah 40:3Matthew 3:3
Would be a Prophet of the children of IsraelDeuteronomy 18:15Matthew 2:15
Called out of EgyptHosea 11:1Matthew 2:15
Slaughter of the childrenJeremiah 31:15Matthew 2:18
Would be a NazareneJudges 13:5; Amos 2:11; Lam. 4:7Matthew 2:23
Brought light to Zabulon & Nephthalm, Galilee of the GentilesIsaiah 9:1-2Matthew 4:15
Presented with giftsPsalm 72:10Matthew 2:1,11
Rejected by His ownIsaiah 53:3Matthew 21:42; Mark 8:31, 12:10; Luke 9:22, 17:25
He is the stone which the builders rejected which became the headstonePsalm 118:22-23; Isaiah 28:16Matthew 21:42; I Peter 2:7
A stone of stumbling to IsraelIsaiah 8:14-15I Peter 2:8
He entered Jerusalem as a king riding on an assZechariah 9:9Matthew 21:5
Betrayed by a friendPsalms 41:9John 13:21
Sold for 30 pieces of silverZechariah 11:12Matthew 26:15; Luke 22:5
The 30 pieces of silver given for the potter's fieldZechariah 11:12Matthew 27:9-10
The 30 pieces of silver thrown in the templeZechariah 11:13Matthew 27:5
Forsaken by His disciplesZechariah 13:7Matthew 26:56
Accused by false witnessesPsalm 35:11Matthew 26:60
Silent to accusationsIsaiah 53:7Matthew 27:14
Heal blind/deaf/lame/dumbIsaiah 29:18, 35:5-6Matthew 11:5
Preached to the poor/brokenhearted/captivesIsaiah 61:1Matthew 11:5
Came to bring a sword, not peaceMicah 7:6Matthew 10:34-35
He bore our sicknessIsaiah 53:4Matthew 8:16-17
Spat upon, smitten and scourgedIsaiah 50:6, 53:5Matthew 27:26,30
Smitten on the cheekMicah 5:1Matthew 27:30
Hated without a causePsalm 35:19Matthew 27:23
The sacrificial lambIsaiah 53:5John 1:29
Given for a covenantIsaiah 42:6; Jeremiah 31:31-34Romans 11:27; Galatians 3:17, 4:24; Hebrews 8:6-10, 10:16, 10:29, 12:24, 13:20
Would not strive or cryIsaiah 42:2-3Mark 7:36
People would hear not and see notIsaiah 6:9-10Matthew 13:14-15
People trust in traditions of menIsaiah 29:13Matthew 15:9
People give God lip serviceIsaiah 29:13Matthew 15:8
God delights in HimIsaiah 42:1Matthew 3:17, 17:5
Wounded for our sinsIsaiah 53:5John 6:51
He bore the sins of manyIsaiah 53:10-12Mark 10:45
Messiah not killed for HimselfDaniel 9:26Matthew 20:28
Gentiles flock to HimIsaiah 55:5, 60:3, 65:1; Psalm 2:7-8; Malachi 1:11; II Samuel 22:44-45;Matthew 8:10
Crucified with criminalsIsaiah 53:12Matthew 27:35
His body was piercedZechariah 12:10; Psalm 22:16John 20:25-27
Thirsty during executionPsalm 22:16John 19:28
Given vinegar and gall for thirstPsalm 69:21Matthew 27:34
Soldiers gambled for his garmentPsalm 22:18Matthew 27:35
People mocked, "He trusted in God, let Him deliver him!"Psalm 22:7-8Matthew 27:43
People sat there looking at HimPsalm 22:17Matthew 27:36
Cried, "My God, my God why hast thou forsaken me?"Psalm 22:1Matthew 27:46
Darkness over the landAmos 8:9Matthew 27:45
No bones broken Psalm 34:20; Numbers 9:12John 19:33-36John 19:33-36
Side piercedZechariah 12:10John 19:34
Buried with the richIsaiah 53:9Matthew 27:57,60
Resurrected from the deadPsalm 16:10-11,49:15 Mark 16:6Psalm 16:10-11, 49:15 Mark 16:6
Priest after the order of MelchizedekPsalm 110:4Hebrews 5:5-6, 6:20, 7:15-17
Ascended to right hand of GodPsalm 68:18Luke 24:51
LORD said unto Him, "Sit thou at my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool"Psalm 110:1Matthew 22:44; Mark 12:36, 16:19; Luke 20:42-43; Acts 2:34-35; Hebrews 1:13
His coming gloryMalachi 3:2-3Luke 3:17

See also

Sources

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