CVR1

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Find the residues of f(z)\, at all its isolated singular points and at infinity (if infinity is not a limit point of singular points), where f(z)\, is given by

f(z) = \frac{1}{z^3-z^5}\,

z^3-z^5=z^3(1-z^2)\, has roots at z=0, \pm 1\, with multiplicities k=3,1,1\,.

Use the formula \mathrm{Res}_{z=z_0^k} f(z) = \frac{1}{(k-1)!}\lim_{z\to z_0} \frac{d^{k-1}}{{dz}^{k-1}}\left[(z-z_0)^k f(z)\right]\,

\mathrm{Res}_{z=0^3} f(z)=\frac{1}{(3-1)!}\lim_{z\to 0} \frac{d^2}{{dz}^2}\left[(z-0)^3f(z)\right]=\frac{1}{2}\lim_{z\to 0}\frac{d^2}{{dz}^2}\frac{1}{1-z^2}\,

=\frac{1}{2}\lim_{z\to 0}\frac{d}{dz}\left[\frac{2z}{(1-z^2)^2}\right] = \frac{1}{2}\lim_{z\to 0}\frac{(1-z^2)^22-2z2(1-z^2)(-2z)}{(1-z^2)^4}=\frac{1}{2}\frac{2}{1}=1\,

\mathrm{Res}_{z=-1} f(z) = \lim_{z\to -1} (z+1)f(z) = \lim_{z\to -1} \frac{1}{z^3(1-z)} = \frac{-1}{2}\,

\mathrm{Res}_{z=1} f(z) = \lim_{z\to 1} (z-1)f(z) = -\lim_{z\to 1} \frac{1}{z^3(1+z)} = \frac{-1}{2}\,

If f(z)\, is analytic except at isolated singular points, then the sum of all the residues of f(z)\, equals 0.

So \mathrm{Res}_{z=0}+\mathrm{Res}_{z=-1}+\mathrm{Res}_{z=1}+\mathrm{Res}_{z=\infty}=1-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2}+\mathrm{Res}_{z=\infty}=0\, and \mathrm{Res}_{z=\infty}=0\,


Main Page : Complex Variables : Residues

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