5th century BC

From Exampleproblems

Centuries:	6th century BC - 5th century BC - 4th century BC
Decades:	00s 10s 20s 30s 40s 50s 60s 70s 80s 90s

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Contents 1 Overview 2 Events 3 Significant persons 4 Inventions, discoveries, introductions 5 Decades and years

Overview

The 5th and 6th centuries BC are a period of philosophical brilliance among advanced civilizations. Ancient Greek philosophy develops during the 5th century BC, setting the foundation for Western ideology.

Events

• Demotic becomes the dominant script of ancient Egypt
• Persians invade Greece twice (Persian Wars)
• Battle of Marathon (490)
• 486 BCE First Buddist Council at Rejgaha, under the patronage of King Ajatasattu. Oral tradition established for the first time.
• Battle of Salamis (480)
• Athenian empire rises and falls
• Peloponnesian War
• Approximate beginning of Iron Age in northern Europe
• Buddhist monastic university at Nalanda, India established.
• spread of the Continental Celtic La Tène culture
• Insular Celtic Chariot burials in Britain

Significant persons

• Pythagoras of Samos, Greek mathematician. See Pythagorean theorem. (582 - 496 BC).
• Gautama Buddha, founding figure of Buddhism (ca. 563 - 483 BC).
• Confucius, founding figure of Confucianism (551 - 479 BC).
• Aeschylus of Athens, playwright (525 - 456 BC).
• Darius I, King of Persia (reigned 521 - 485 BC).
• Sophocles of Athens, playwright (496 - 406 BC).
• Pericles of Athens, politician (ca. 495 - 429 BC).
• Herodotus of Halicarnassus, historian (ca. 485 BC).
• Euripides of Athens, playwright (ca. 480 - 406 BC).
• Socrates of Athens, philosopher (470 - 399 BC).
• Aristophanes of Athens, playwright (ca. 446 - 385 BC).
• Darius II, king of Persia (reigned 423-404 BC)
• Ezra and Nehemiah active in Judea.
• Tollund Man, Human sacrifice victim on the Jutland Peninsula in Denmark, possibly the earliest known evidence for worship of Odin.
• Empedocles

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

• Cast iron is first used in Wu.

Decades and years

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