# 10 number

10 (ten) is the natural number following 9 and preceding 11.

 Template:Numbers (10s) Cardinal 10ten Ordinal 10thtenth Numeral system decimal Factorization $\displaystyle 2\cdot5$ Divisors 1, 2, 5, 10 Roman numeral X (Unicode: Ⅹ, ⅹ) prefixes deca-/deka- (from Greek) deci- (from Latin) Binary 1010 Hexadecimal A Hebrew י (Yod)

## In mathematics

Ten is a composite number, its proper divisors being 1, 2 and 5. Ten is the smallest noncototient, a number that can not be expressed as the difference between any integer and the total of coprimes below it. Ten is a Harshad number and a semi-meandric number.

Ten is the sum of the first three prime numbers.

A polygon with ten sides is a decagon, and 10 is a decagonal number. But it is also a triangular number and a centered triangular number.

Ten is the base of the decimal numeral system, by far the most common system of denoting numbers in both spoken and written language. Ten is the first two-digit number in decimal and thus the lowest number where the position of a numeral affects its value. Any integer written in the decimal system can be multiplied by ten by adding a zero to the end (e.g. 855 * 10 = 8550). The reason for the choice of ten is assumed to be that humans have ten fingers (digits).

Ten is the number of n-Queens Problem solutions for n = 5.

### In numeral systems

The Roman numeral for ten is X (which looks like two V's [the Roman numeral for 5] put together); it is thought that the V for five is derived from an open hand (five digits displayed). The Chinese word numeral for ten is 十, which resembles a cross.

BaseNumeral system
1unary **********
2binary 1010
3ternary 101
4quaternary 22
5quinary 20
6senary 14
7septenary 13
8octal 12
9novenary 11
10decimal 10

## In science

In astronomy,

Messier object M10, a magnitude 7.5 globular cluster in the constellation Ophiuchus.
The New General Catalogue object NGC 10, a magnitude 12.5 spiral galaxy in the constellation Sculptor
The Saros number of the solar eclipse series which began on -2467 February 28 and ended on -1169 April 18. The duration of Saros series 10 was 1298.1 years, and it contained 73 solar eclipses.
The Saros number of the lunar eclipse series which began on -2454 June 17 and ended on -1138 August 15. The duration of Saros series 10 was 1316.2 years, and it contained 74 lunar eclipses.

## In other fields

• A collection of ten items (most often ten years) is called a decade.
• A decapod crustacean has ten limbs.
• To reduce something by one tenth is to decimate. (In ancient Rome, the killing of one in ten soldiers was the punishment for mutiny.)
• There are ten cents in a U.S. or Canadian dime, itself one tenth of a dollar. The word was shortened from decime.
• The denomination of Canadian paper money bearing a portrait of Sir John A. Macdonald, Canada's first Prime Minister.
• In chess, each side can promote all eight pawns to have a total of ten bishops, knights, or rooks.
• People were traditionally tithed one tenth of their produce.
• It takes ten to make a minyan.
• With ten being the base of the decimal system, a scale of 1 to 10 is often used to rank things, as a smaller version of a 1-to-100 scale (as is used in percentages and wine-tasting).
• Blake Edwards' 1979 movie 10.
• Something that scores perfectly is "a perfect ten". A person who is attractive and physically flawless is often said to be "a ten", from the idea of ranking that person's appearance and sex-appeal on a 1-to-10 scale. E.g. In the movie 10 Bo Derek is supposedly a "10" on that scale.
• Counting from one to ten before speaking is often done in order to cool one's temper.
• In astrology, Capricorn is the 10th astrological sign of the Zodiac.
• Driving a racing car at ten-tenths is driving as fast as possible, on the limit.
• Ten-codes are commonly used on emergency service radio systems.
• The ordinal adjective is denary.

Ten is: